Kerala Syllabus STD 8 Social Science: Chapter 05 Constitution of India: Rights and Duties - Questions and Answers
എസ്.സി.ആർ.ടി. കേരള എട്ടാം ക്ലാസ്സിലെ സാമൂഹ്യശാസ്ത്ര പാഠപുസ്തകത്തിലെ അഞ്ചാമത്തെയൂണിറ്റായ 'Constitution of India: Rights and Duties' അടിസ്ഥാനമാക്കി തയ്യാറാക്കിയ പഠനവിഭവങ്ങൾ താഴെ നൽകുന്നു.
| ഈ ബ്ലോഗ് അഡ്മിൻറെ രേഖാമൂലമുള്ള അനുമതിയില്ലാതെ ഈ ബ്ലോഗിൽ നൽകിയിരിക്കുന്ന ചോദ്യോത്തരങ്ങൾ, ഇതേരീതിയിലോ പി.ഡി.എഫ് രൂപത്തിലോ, മറ്റേതെങ്കിലും ഡിജിറ്റലോ, പ്രിന്റഡ് ഉൾപ്പെടെയുള്ള ഏതെങ്കിലും രൂപങ്ങളിലേക്കോ മാറ്റി മറ്റൊരു വെബ്സൈറ്റിലോ, ബ്ലോഗിലോ, യുട്യൂബ്, സോഷ്യൽ മീഡിയാ ഗ്രൂപ്പുകളിലോ ഉൾപ്പെടെ ഒരിടത്തും പ്രചരിപ്പിക്കാൻ പാടില്ലാത്തതാകുന്നു. |
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Class 8 Social Science - Chapter 3 Constitution of India: Rights and Duties - Questions and Answers
♦ What is the importance of fraternity?
Without fraternity, liberty and equality could not become a natural course of things. Dr B.R. Ambedkar states that without mutual love and respect, these principles will not be natural and effective.
♦ What is primarily emphasised in the Preamble to the Indian Constitution?
In the Preamble of the Indian Constitution, it is declared that justice, liberty, equality and fraternity shall be protected for all citizens.
♦ What are rights?
Rights are those that are accepted by society in terms of claims made and recognized and enforced by the state through law. It is the responsibility of democratic systems to ensure that individuals have rights.
♦ What happens if rights are violated?
Most democratic countries have legal provisions in their constitutions to ensure remedies for rights violations. This is the responsibility of the government.
♦ What are Fundamental Rights?
There are certain fundamental rights that are internationally recognised as human rights and that are essential to the dignity, liberty and survival of citizens in a democratic system. Fundamental rights are such rights recognised, protected and enforced by states.
♦ How are Fundamental Rights incorporated into the constitutions of various countries?
In the constitutions of various countries in the world, some important rights have been included as fundamental rights based on specific conditions of each country. Some important events in human history led to the concept of fundamental rights.
♦ Look at the flowchart given below.
Timeline of Fundamental Rights
⇩
Magna Carta - 1215
⇩
United States Bill of Rights - 1789
⇩
Declaration of Human Rights after the French Revolution (Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen - 1789)
⇩
United Nations’ Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Universal Declaration of Human Rights-1948)
♦ The first official document in the world to refer to civil rights and liberties.
Magna Carta - 1215
♦ The Bill of Rights was mentioned in the world’s first written constitution.
United States Bill of Rights - 1789
♦ The Bill of Rights defines human rights that have influenced the nations of the world.
Declaration of Human Rights after the French Revolution (Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen - 1789)
♦ Bill of Rights issued by the United Nations for implementation by all member states.
United Nations’ Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Universal Declaration of Human Rights-1948)
♦ What were the factors that influenced the inclusion of Fundamental Rights in the Constitution of India? Complete the list.
• Denial of rights experienced during colonial rule
• Existing conditions in the world
• Values upheld by the freedom struggle
• Ideas of the Indian Renaissance movement
• Rights mentioned in the constitutions of other countries
• The Bills of Rights, which are the precursors of fundamental rights
♦ In which part of the Indian Constitution are Fundamental Rights enshrined?
Fundamental rights are enshrined in Part III of the Constitution of India.
♦ What is the main difference in protecting statutory rights and fundamental rights?
Common laws usually protect and enforce statutory rights. But it is the Constitution that protects and ensures the fundamental rights.
♦ What does the Right to Equality in the Indian Constitution ensure?
The Right to Equality ensure equality before the law and equal protection of the law for all in our country.
♦ On what grounds is discrimination prohibited according to the Right to Equality?
According to the Right to Equality, there is no discrimination on the basis of religion, class, caste, sex or place of birth.
♦ What are the common accesses guaranteed by the Right to Equality?
The Right to Equality guarantees equal access to hotels, shops, wells, ponds, bathing ghats and public roads.
♦ What are the other important provisions guaranteed by the Right to Equality?
Right to Equality ensures equality of opportunity in public jobs, prohibits untouchability and abolishes titles.
♦ Have you noticed any violations of the right to equality enshrined in the Constitution of India? Write down what they are.
• Caste-based discrimination exists.
• Religious discrimination exists.
• Discrimination based on colour.
• Discrimination based on region.
• Rights to Freedom
♦ What does the Right to Freedom, one of the Fundamental Rights in the Indian Constitution, reflect?
The aspiration of the Indian people, who had to live under foreign rule for a long time, is reflected in the fundamental right of the right to freedom.
♦ In which articles of the Constitution is this explained?
Articles 19 to 22 of the Constitution explain the rights to freedom and the reasonable restrictions on them.
♦ What are the main freedoms mentioned in Article 19?
• Freedom of speech and expression
• Freedom to move freely throughout the territory of India
• Freedom to assemble peacefully
• Freedom to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India
• Freedom to form associations
• Freedom to practise any profession or to carry on any occupation, trade or business
♦ What are the rights enshrined in Articles 20 to 22?
• Right to education
• Right to life and individual freedom
♦ Under what circumstances are these freedoms subject to restrictions?
These are subject to reasonable restrictions in the context of national integrity, sovereignty and security.
♦ Which right does the given picture indicate?
♦ Through which constitutional amendment and under which article was education declared a fundamental right?
Education was declared a fundamental right under Article 21A by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act in 2002.
♦ When was the Right to Education Act passed by the Parliament and came into effect?
In 2009, Parliament passed the Right to Education Act. The Act came into effect in April 2010.
♦ What social problems does the Indian Constitution aim to eliminate through the Right against Exploitation?
The Indian Constitution aims to eliminate existing exploitations like slavery, human trafficking, forced labour and child labour in our country, and to ensure a secure life for people through the Right against Exploitation.
♦ What does Article 23 of the Constitution prohibit and declare as illegal?
Article 23 of the Constitution prohibits all forms of forced labour and human trafficking, declaring them illegal.
♦ What types of work are prohibited for children under Article 24?
According to Article 24, employing children under the age of 14 in mines, factories or other hazardous workplaces is prohibited.
♦ One of the exploitations against children is given in the picture. What other exploits have you noticed? Note down.
• Sexual Abuse: Misusing children for sexual purposes.
• Physical Abuse: Hitting, injuring, or inflicting other physical harm on children.
• Emotional/Psychological Abuse: Continuously threatening, insulting, or denying affection to children, which emotionally wounds them.
• Neglect: Deliberately denying children essential food, clothing, shelter, education, medical care, and affection.
• Child Trafficking: Illegally transporting children and using them for forced labour, sexual exploitation, organ trafficking, etc.
• Forced Begging: Forcing children to beg.
• Child Soldiers: Using children as soldiers in armed conflicts.
• Child Marriage: Marrying children before they reach the legal age.
♦ What rights does the Indian Constitution grant Individuals regarding freedom of religion?
The Constitution allows everyone in India the freedom to profess, practise and propagate any acceptable religion. This right includes the freedom to act according to their conscience.
♦ What consideration does the Right to Freedom of Religion guarantee to religions?
The right to freedom of religion guarantees equal treatment and equal protection to all religions.
♦ Under what circumstances is the Right to Freedom of Religion subject to restrictions?
The Right to Freedom of Religion is subject to restrictions related to public norms, health, and morality.
♦ Who are the minorities, which are characteristic of Indian diversity?
Minorities are groups of people who follow a common language, religion or culture and are fewer in number than other groups in a particular part of the country or the whole country.
♦ What do cultural and educational rights guarantee to minorities?
Cultural and educational rights are the means for minorities to preserve and develop their culture, language and script.
♦ What is an important right available to minorities under cultural and educational rights, and what can they achieve through it?
Under cultural and educational rights, all religious, linguistic and cultural minorities have the right to establish and run their own educational institutions. Through that they can protect and nurture their own culture.
♦ What are the minority groups in our state? Enquire and write.
• Linguistic minorities
• Christians
• Muslims
• Buddhist-Jain believers
♦ Why is the Right to Constitutional Remedies considered the greatest protection?
The right to constitutional remedies is one of the greatest protections given to the safety and security of the individual. This is because this right provides a way to restore any other fundamental rights if they are violated.
♦ If fundamental rights are violated, which courts can citizens approach, and under which articles is this possible?
If fundamental rights are violated, the Supreme court under Article 32 and the High Courts under Article 226 can be approached for their restoration.
♦ What are the orders and directions issued by the Supreme Court and high courts for restoring fundamental rights known as?
Writs are orders and directions issued by the Supreme Court or the High Courts for the protection of fundamental rights. Fundamental rights are restored through writs.
♦ How did Dr B.R. Ambedkar describe the Right to Constitutional Remedies?
Dr B. R. Ambedkar describes this right as the heart and soul of the Indian Constitution.
♦ Complete the table given below related to the Fundamental Rights
| Fundamental Rights | Articles |
|---|---|
| Right to Equality | Articles 14 to 18 |
| Right to Liberty | Articles 19 to 22 |
| Right against Exploitation | Articles 23 and 24 |
| Right to Freedom of Religion | Articles 25 to 28 |
| Cultural and Educational Rights | Articles 29 to 30 |
| Right to Constitutional Remedies | Article 32 |
♦ Why is it said that the right to constitutional remedies is the most important of the fundamental rights?
If other fundamental rights guaranteed by the Constitution, equality, freedom, right against exploitation, freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights are violated, this right is the only way to protect and restore them. Without this right, other rights would merely be promises on paper.
♦ Organise a discussion and prepare a report on the topic 'Role of Fundamental Rights in the dignified life of man.'
Topic: Role of Fundamental Rights in the dignified life of man.
In the discussion on the crucial role of fundamental rights in upholding human dignity and rights, participants unanimously agreed that these rights, guaranteed by the constitution, are essential for individual growth and social justice. The right to equality ensures equal opportunities for everyone and eliminates discrimination. And helping every individual to live with self-respect. The right to freedom provides freedom of expression, movement, and occupation, creating an environment for individuals to develop their abilities. The right against exploitation protects people from social evils like slavery and child labour, ensuring a safe life. Freedom of religion grants every individual the right to follow and propagate their beliefs, fostering tolerance and mutual respect. Additionally, cultural and educational rights provide opportunities for minority groups to preserve their identity and rise through education. The right to constitutional remedies ensures that if these rights are violated, justice can be sought, thereby giving life to other fundamental rights. In short, a society without fundamental rights would not value human dignity and individuality. Therefore, the discussion concluded that fundamental rights are indispensable for a person's dignified and meaningful life.
♦ What do the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP), included in Part IV of the Indian Constitution from Articles 36 to 51, aim to achieve? How do they differ from Fundamental Rights? And what is their importance in government policy making?
The Directive Principles of State Policy aim to establish a welfare state by ensuring the well-being and progress of all sections of the people, giving. equal importance to socio-economic justice along with rights and freedoms. Unlike fundamental rights, these are not enforceable with the support of the courts. At the same time, governments need to give due consideration to these directive principles while formulating policies and programmes. The directive principles contain broad concepts that touch on all economic, social, educational, and international issues of the nation. The directive principles of state policy can be classified into three categories, namely, liberal ideas, socialist ideas and Gandhian ideas.
♦ What are the Liberal Ideas enshrined in the Directive Principles?
• Promote international peace and security
• Uniform Civil Code for citizens
• Equal justice and free legal aid
• Provision of care and education for children under six years of age
• Environment, livestock and wildlife conservation
♦ List the Socialist ideas that are part of the Directive Principles.
• Wage for livelihood for workers
• Equal pay for equal work for men and women
• Participation of workers in the management of industries
• Right to employment
• Ensure regular and humane working conditions and maternity benefits
♦ What are the Gandhian Ideas included in the Directive Principles?
• Organise Gram Panchayats
• Fostering cottage industries
• Agriculture and animal husbandry
• Prohibition of consumption of intoxicating drinks and drugs injurious to health
• Uplift of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections
♦ Explain the main differences between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) in the Indian Constitution, and how they complement each other in Indian democracy.
Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy in the Indian Constitution are complementary. Fundamental Rights primarily protect individual rights and set limits on government powers. If they are violated, one can approach the Supreme Court or High Courts. Moreover, amending Fundamental Rights requires complex procedures. In the democratic process, Fundamental Rights implement political democracy.
On the other hand, the Directive Principles of State Policy motivate the government to ensure the welfare of all sections of society. If these are violated, one cannot approach the courts. Nevertheless, the amendment procedures for Directive Principles are relatively simpler and can be implemented through legislation. Directive Principles play a crucial role in realising socio-economic democracy.
In short, while Fundamental Rights ensure citizens' rights, Directive Principles complement them by providing guidelines for building a welfare state.
♦ Identify and write the differences between fundamental rights and directive principles.
| Fundamental Rights | Directive principles |
|---|---|
| It can be reinstated through the courts | Cannot go to court for enforcement |
| Legally enforceable | Not legally enforceable |
| Primarily protect individual rights | Ensure the welfare of all sections of society |
| Requires complex procedures for amendment | Amendment procedures are relatively simple and can be implemented through legislation |
♦ Who was the prominent person who suggested that Indian citizens should have duties along with rights?
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
♦ Which committee was appointed by the Central Government in 1976 to submit recommendations regarding the Fundamental Duties of citizens?
The Sardar Swaran Singh Committee
♦ Through which constitutional amendment were Fundamental Duties included in the Constitution?
Through the 42nd Constitutional Amendment of 1976.
♦ What is the new part in the Constitution that includes Fundamental Duties?
Part IVA
♦ Which article did Fundamental Duties become part of the Constitution?
As Article 51 A
♦ Name any three ideas included in the Fundamental Duties.
• Obeying the constitution
• Protecting the country
• Performing national service when the country calls for it
• Protecting the environment (Any three)
♦ How many Fundamental Duties are there in the Indian Constitution?
Eleven duties.
♦ What is the basic principle of Fundamental Duties?
Its basic principle is that when citizens enjoy their fundamental rights, they should also be aware of their fundamental duties.
♦ What is the main objective of including the Directive Principles of State Policy in the Constitution?
The directives aimed at social and economic justice are included in the Constitution as guidelines of the state policy.
♦ Which Gandhian idea was implemented through the Panchayati Raj-Nagar Palika Acts of 1993?
The Gandhian idea of organising village panchayats
♦ What is the main liberal idea in the Directive Principles that was implemented through the Right to Education Act of 2009?
Free education
♦ Which Act is considered a reflection of the liberal idea related to environmental protection?
The Environment Protection Act of 1986
♦ Which year's Act implemented the socialist idea of equal pay for equal work for men and women?
The Equal Pay Act of 1976
♦ How are Directive Principles often implemented?
Many of these recommendations are implemented through legislation as required from time to time.
♦ Some of the Fundamental Duties mentioned in the Indian Constitution are given below. Find out from the last part of the textbook what other duties Indian citizens have to perform according to the Constitution, and discuss and make a note.
• Obey the Constitution and respect its ideals, institutions, national flag and national anthem
• Nurture and pursue the noble ideals that inspired our national struggle for freedom
•
•
Answer:
• To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India.
• To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so.
• To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India, transcending religious, linguistic, and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women.
• To protect and improve the natural environment, including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures.
• To protect public property and abstain from violence.
• To provide education to his child or dependent between the ages of six and fourteen years. (This was later added by the 86th Constitutional Amendment.)
Disclaimer: These materials are for educational and preparation purposes only. Official textbooks belong to SCERT Kerala.
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