Kerala Syllabus Class 4 EVS Unit 8: Yesteryears and Now... - Questions and Answers | Teaching Manual | Teachers Handbook
നാലാം ക്ളാസിലെ EVS ലെ Yesteryears and Now... പഠിക്കുന്നതിനും, പഠിപ്പിക്കുന്നതിനും ആവശ്യമായ വിവിധ പഠനസഹായികൾ | Study Notes for Class 4th Environment Science - ഇന്നലെ, ഇന്ന്... | Text Books Solution EVS (English Medium) Chapter 08 Yesteryears and Now.... ഈ യൂണിറ്റിന്റെ Teachers Manual & Teachers Handbook എന്നിവയുടെ ലിങ്ക് ഈ പേജിന്റെ അവസാന ഭാഗത്തു നൽകിയിട്ടുണ്ട്. പഠന സഹായികൾ അയക്കാൻ താല്പര്യമുള്ളവർ ഈ നമ്പറിൽ വാട്സാപ്പ് ചെയ്യുക: 9497346250. 👉ഈ അദ്ധ്യായം Malayalam Medium Notes - Coming soon
ഈ ബ്ലോഗ് അഡ്മിൻറെ രേഖാമൂലമുള്ള അനുമതിയില്ലാതെ ഈ ബ്ലോഗിൽ നൽകിയിരിക്കുന്ന ചോദ്യോത്തരങ്ങൾ, ഇതേരീതിയിലോ പി.ഡി.എഫ് രൂപത്തിലോ, മറ്റേതെങ്കിലും ഡിജിറ്റലോ, പ്രിന്റഡ് ഉൾപ്പെടെയുള്ള ഏതെങ്കിലും രൂപങ്ങളിലേക്കോ മാറ്റി മറ്റൊരു വെബ്സൈറ്റിലോ, ബ്ലോഗിലോ, യുട്യൂബ്, സോഷ്യൽ മീഡിയാ ഗ്രൂപ്പുകളിലോ ഉൾപ്പെടെ ഒരിടത്തും പ്രചരിപ്പിക്കാൻ പാടില്ലാത്തതാകുന്നു.
Yesteryears and Now... - Questions and Answers♦ You’ve read the history of the school, prepared by Sonu. ♦ What all incidents have been mentioned in the school history written by Sonu?School started, simple building, village teachers, long travel, government takover, new buildings, bridge, shift system.
♦ In which year was the school established?1954
♦ How was the first building built?With coconut leaves and areca palm wood
♦ Who were the first teachers?Educated villagers
♦ What were the benefits of constructing the bridge across the river?It helped more students to attend the school.
♦ What additional information is to be added to complete Sonu’s school history?• Further development of the school• Current features of the school. • Changes in the locality• Studying according to the new curriculum• ICT• Art and Physical Education
♦ What are the changes that have happened to schools nowadays?• concrete buildings• classrooms with modern facilities• drinking water facilities• bio-diversity garden• Playground• Library• Computer, internet • lab
♦ Observe the changes that have occurred to houses from yesteryears to now. 
♦ Prepare a report about the facilities present in modern homes.• Cement wall• Concrete pillar• Tiles• Electricity• Water pipe• TV, Fridge, Fan• Internet• Bathroom inside the home
♦ What are the differences seen between roads of earlier times and those of today? • In earlier times, people used to travel through alleys, the ridges of fields, and the like.• Bullock carts and horse carts were the vehicles used in those days, and they moved through mud roads. • Roads have now been widened into four-lane and six-lane highways
♦ Observe the pictures and discuss the different modes of transport used in earlier times.
• Palanquin – to be carried by people• Canoe - moves by rowing• Sailboat - moves using the wind• Cycle rickshaw –Pedalled by the rickshaw puller
♦ Observe these pictures and write the name of the vehicles that we use currently. Apart from these, what are the other vehicles that we use now? Find out and write. 
• car • bus • bike • train • auto • truck • ship• helicopter, • aeroplane, • seaplane, etc.
♦ Find out the path of movement and use of the vehicles listed below, and complete the table. 
♦ Observe the pictures and discuss the changes that have taken place in water transport.
• Canoes were slow in olden days. With the advent of speed boats, water travel is now faster and safer.• Wooden rawboats turn into engine boats.• Ferries, speed boats and water metros are used today
♦ Before the invention of paper, people used to write on palm leaves, copper plates, and stone. Which were the tools that people used for writing in earlier times?• Metal stylus• Feather pen
♦ New writing tools• Pencil• Ink pen• Ballpoint pen• Computer• Tablet• Smartphone• Computer stylus
♦ Observe the pictures.
♦ Write the uses of the devices shown above.• Hose pipe: For watering plants• Washing machine: For washing clothes
♦ Prepare a table of modern devices that we use in our houses to make our work easier.
Devices
Use • Fan • To reduce heat by creating airflow • Gas stove • To cook food • Fridge • To preserve food • Mixer grinder • Used to grind, mix, and blend food quickly. • TV • To get news and Entertainment • Computer • To study and work • Oven • To bake
♦ Examine the given concept map and fill in the gaps.
♦ Make a table of useful devices that you are familiar with. What are the advantages of those devices? Discuss and write.
Number
Devices Advantages 1 Motor pump Distributes water from one place to another in an easier and faster manner. 2 Smart Phone Talk to family and friends remotely. We can take photos and videos. Helps with maps and directions when we travel. 3 Robot Doing work themselves. 4 Tracter A tractor helps farmers plough the soil to grow crops. 5 Mixer grinder A mixer grinder helps us grind, mix, and blend food quickly.
• Now, machines do the work that was done earlier by humans or animals.• New inventions help us to save time in addition to making work easier.
♦ Workers do different types of jobs in factories. Do you know the different types of works associated with the bus?Observe the picture and write. 
Different types of works like painting, cleaning and greasing are required for the functioning of a bus. Each of these jobs is important. Workers who do these jobs are also important.
♦ Aren’t there more jobs associated with buses?Tyre worker, Painter, Cleaner, Conducter
All jobs are significant and great. So there should not be any discrimination among workers doing different types of jobs.
♦ Observe the pictures.
♦ What are the uses of the devices given in the pictures?• Vacuum cleaner: to clean rooms• CT Scanner: used in the health sector• Grass cutter: trimming grass• Coconut climber: to safely ascend tall coconut trees
♦ Name the devices you are familiar with. What are the jobs related to them? Complete the table by adding more devices and the related jobs.
Device
Related jobs • Television • Business, TV mechanic • Camera • Business, Camera man • Wood cutting machine • Carpenter • Computer • Business, Technician, Typist, data entry, IT jobs • Smartphone • Business, Technician • Tracter • Farmer, Mechanic
♦ Importance of invention• Inventions of new tools and machines have led to the creation of new jobs.• Each invention has made huge changes in human lives and in the world. • Inventions are important events in history.
♦ The invention of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has led to major changes. Find out the different fields in which artificial intelligence is used.• Robots• Self-driving cars• Medical machines• Retail & E-commerce• Education• Cybersecurity
♦ Local Self-GovernmentThe Local Self-Government is responsible for fulfilling the common needs of the citizens and deciding on future actions. The Local Self-Government in villages is the Grama Panchayat. In towns, they are known as Municipality. In cities, which have more population than towns, it is known as Municipal Corporation.
All buildings in a ward have a building number
♦ From where did you get the numbers to buildings and houses?From Local Self-Government
♦ Which fulfils the common needs of the people in a locality and decides on future actions?From Local Self-Government
♦ Which self-governing body controls the activities in a village?Grama Panchayat
♦ Which authority manages these activities in cities?Municipal Corporation
♦ Let us learn the title given for the administrative head of Local Self-Governments.
♦ Find out the name of the administrative head of your Local Self-Government.
My Local Self-Government
Administrative Head
Village
Panchayat
President: -----------------
Town
Municipality
Chairperson: -------------------
City
Municipal Corporation
Chairman: -------------------------
♦ Who governs panchayats, municipalities, and municipal corporations, and how are they chosen?Governance of panchayats, municipalities, and municipal corporations are done by those who are elected from different wards through elections.
♦ Gramasabha / Wardsabha• The Gramasabha is a people’s collective conducted in each ward of a Panchayath to discuss about the needs of the people and the various projects implemented in the area.• In cities, this is known as Wardsabha. Every voter in the ward is a member of both the Gramasabha and Wardsabha.• It is the duty of every voter to participate in Gramasabha/Wardsabha.
♦ Who can participate in a Gramasabha/Wardsabha?It is the duty of every voter to participate in the Gramasabha/Wardsabha.
♦ Who convenes the Grama Sabha?The Secretary of the Gram Panchayat convenes the Grama Sabha.
♦ Does a two-floor building require a lift service?Everyone should be able to use a public place. So Facilities such as lift, ramp and rail and special washrooms are needed in all schools and public places so that all differently abled individuals are provided with equal opportunities.
♦ What can we see in a History museum? • Traditional household appliances, musical instruments• Ornaments and clothes used in earlier times• Coins and weapons of earlier times• Pictures and details of historical struggles• Historical relics and tools• Old Tools and Utensils• Statues and Idols Such museums help us to understand the history of a place.
♦ Observe the picture.
♦ The picture is related to which struggle that took place in our country against the British?The picture is related to Dandimarch, a struggle that took place in our country against the British. Many people suffered under the cruel attacks of the British, and many lost their lives while taking part in the freedom struggle.
♦ Don’t you remember the Covid Pandemic and lockdown period, during which villages and cities were shut down? Were there such pandemics in the past?• Pandemics like COVID have occurred in the past also. Many people have died due to cholera, plague, and smallpox.
Such pandemics, struggles, inventions as well as the disasters and changes that happened in a place over the time make the history of that place.
♦ You can make a collection of information and pictures related to history. What are the things you can collect?• Coins of earlier times• Photographs and Paintings • Letters and Documents • Tools and Utensils • Clothes and Costumes • Weapons and tools• Models or Miniatures • Stories and Songs
Let’s Assess3. There are different processes and steps in the preparation of food of us. Complete the concept map given below.
4. Complete the table.
Inventions/devices/vehicles
Uses • Train • More people can travel; large scale transportation of goods • Vaccine • Protect from diseases • Aeroplane • To make long-distance travel easier • Refrigerator • Keeps food fresh • Thermel container • Keeps food hot • Internet • Help communication • Electric vehicle • To reduce environmental pollution
ഈ യൂണിറ്റിന്റെ Teachers Manual & Teachers Handbook എന്നിവയുടെ ലിങ്ക് ഈ പേജിന്റെ അവസാന ഭാഗത്തു നൽകിയിട്ടുണ്ട്. പഠന സഹായികൾ അയക്കാൻ താല്പര്യമുള്ളവർ ഈ നമ്പറിൽ വാട്സാപ്പ് ചെയ്യുക: 9497346250.
👉ഈ അദ്ധ്യായം Malayalam Medium Notes - Coming soon
ഈ ബ്ലോഗ് അഡ്മിൻറെ രേഖാമൂലമുള്ള അനുമതിയില്ലാതെ ഈ ബ്ലോഗിൽ നൽകിയിരിക്കുന്ന ചോദ്യോത്തരങ്ങൾ, ഇതേരീതിയിലോ പി.ഡി.എഫ് രൂപത്തിലോ, മറ്റേതെങ്കിലും ഡിജിറ്റലോ, പ്രിന്റഡ് ഉൾപ്പെടെയുള്ള ഏതെങ്കിലും രൂപങ്ങളിലേക്കോ മാറ്റി മറ്റൊരു വെബ്സൈറ്റിലോ, ബ്ലോഗിലോ, യുട്യൂബ്, സോഷ്യൽ മീഡിയാ ഗ്രൂപ്പുകളിലോ ഉൾപ്പെടെ ഒരിടത്തും പ്രചരിപ്പിക്കാൻ പാടില്ലാത്തതാകുന്നു.
Yesteryears and Now... - Questions and Answers
♦ You’ve read the history of the school, prepared by Sonu.
♦ What all incidents have been mentioned in the school history written by Sonu?
School started, simple building, village teachers, long travel, government takover, new buildings, bridge, shift system.
♦ In which year was the school established?
1954
♦ How was the first building built?
With coconut leaves and areca palm wood
♦ Who were the first teachers?
Educated villagers
♦ What were the benefits of constructing the bridge across the river?
It helped more students to attend the school.
♦ What additional information is to be added to complete Sonu’s school history?
• Further development of the school
• Current features of the school.
• Changes in the locality
• Studying according to the new curriculum
• ICT
• Art and Physical Education
♦ What are the changes that have happened to schools nowadays?
• concrete buildings
• classrooms with modern facilities
• drinking water facilities
• bio-diversity garden
• Playground
• Library
• Computer, internet
• lab
♦ Observe the changes that have occurred to houses from yesteryears to now.
• Cement wall
• Concrete pillar
• Tiles
• Electricity
• Water pipe
• TV, Fridge, Fan
• Internet
• Bathroom inside the home
♦ What are the differences seen between roads of earlier times and those of today?
• In earlier times, people used to travel through alleys, the ridges of fields, and the like.
• Bullock carts and horse carts were the vehicles used in those days, and they moved through mud roads.
• Roads have now been widened into four-lane and six-lane highways
♦ Observe the pictures and discuss the different modes of transport used in earlier times.
• Canoe - moves by rowing
• Sailboat - moves using the wind
• Cycle rickshaw –Pedalled by the rickshaw puller
♦ Observe these pictures and write the name of the vehicles that we use currently. Apart from these, what are the other vehicles that we use now? Find out and write.
• bus
• bike
• train
• auto
• truck
• ship
• helicopter,
• aeroplane,
• seaplane, etc.
♦ Find out the path of movement and use of the vehicles listed below, and complete the table.
• Wooden rawboats turn into engine boats.
• Ferries, speed boats and water metros are used today
♦ Before the invention of paper, people used to write on palm leaves, copper plates, and stone.
Which were the tools that people used for writing in earlier times?
• Metal stylus
• Feather pen
♦ New writing tools
• Pencil
• Ink pen
• Ballpoint pen
• Computer
• Tablet
• Smartphone
• Computer stylus
♦ Observe the pictures.
• Hose pipe: For watering plants
• Washing machine: For washing clothes
♦ Prepare a table of modern devices that we use in our houses to make our work easier.
| Devices | Use |
|---|---|
| • Fan | • To reduce heat by creating airflow |
| • Gas stove | • To cook food |
| • Fridge | • To preserve food |
| • Mixer grinder | • Used to grind, mix, and blend food quickly. |
| • TV | • To get news and Entertainment |
| • Computer | • To study and work |
| • Oven | • To bake |
♦ Examine the given concept map and fill in the gaps.
| Number | Devices | Advantages |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Motor pump | Distributes water from one place to another in an easier and faster manner. |
| 2 | Smart Phone | Talk to family and friends remotely. We can take photos and videos. Helps with maps and directions when we travel. |
| 3 | Robot | Doing work themselves. |
| 4 | Tracter | A tractor helps farmers plough the soil to grow crops. |
| 5 | Mixer grinder | A mixer grinder helps us grind, mix, and blend food quickly. |
• Now, machines do the work that was done earlier by humans or animals.
• New inventions help us to save time in addition to making work easier.
♦ Workers do different types of jobs in factories. Do you know the different types of works associated with the bus?
Observe the picture and write.
Different types of works like painting, cleaning and greasing are required for the functioning of a bus. Each of these jobs is important. Workers who do these jobs are also important.
♦ Aren’t there more jobs associated with buses?
Tyre worker, Painter, Cleaner, Conducter
All jobs are significant and great. So there should not be any discrimination among workers doing different types of jobs.
♦ Observe the pictures.
• Vacuum cleaner: to clean rooms
• CT Scanner: used in the health sector
• Grass cutter: trimming grass
• Coconut climber: to safely ascend tall coconut trees
♦ Name the devices you are familiar with. What are the jobs related to them? Complete the table by adding more devices and the related jobs.
| Device | Related jobs |
|---|---|
| • Television | • Business, TV mechanic |
| • Camera | • Business, Camera man |
| • Wood cutting machine | • Carpenter |
| • Computer | • Business, Technician, Typist, data entry, IT jobs |
| • Smartphone | • Business, Technician |
| • Tracter | • Farmer, Mechanic |
♦ Importance of invention
• Inventions of new tools and machines have led to the creation of new jobs.
• Each invention has made huge changes in human lives and in the world. • Inventions are important events in history.
♦ The invention of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has led to major changes. Find out the different fields in which artificial intelligence is used.
• Robots
• Self-driving cars
• Medical machines
• Retail & E-commerce
• Education
• Cybersecurity
♦ Local Self-Government
The Local Self-Government is responsible for fulfilling the common needs of the citizens and deciding on future actions. The Local Self-Government in villages is the Grama Panchayat. In towns, they are known as Municipality. In cities, which have more population than towns, it is known as Municipal Corporation.
All buildings in a ward have a building number
♦ From where did you get the numbers to buildings and houses?
From Local Self-Government
♦ Which fulfils the common needs of the people in a locality and decides on future actions?
From Local Self-Government
♦ Which self-governing body controls the activities in a village?
Grama Panchayat
♦ Which authority manages these activities in cities?
Municipal Corporation
♦ Let us learn the title given for the administrative head of Local Self-Governments.
| My Local Self-Government | Administrative Head | |
|---|---|---|
| Village | Panchayat | President: ----------------- |
| Town | Municipality | Chairperson: ------------------- |
| City | Municipal Corporation | Chairman: ------------------------- |
♦ Who governs panchayats, municipalities, and municipal corporations, and how are they chosen?
Governance of panchayats, municipalities, and municipal corporations are done by those who are elected from different wards through elections.
♦ Gramasabha / Wardsabha
• The Gramasabha is a people’s collective conducted in each ward of a Panchayath to discuss about the needs of the people and the various projects implemented in the area.
• In cities, this is known as Wardsabha. Every voter in the ward is a member of both the Gramasabha and Wardsabha.
• It is the duty of every voter to participate in Gramasabha/Wardsabha.
♦ Who can participate in a Gramasabha/Wardsabha?
It is the duty of every voter to participate in the Gramasabha/Wardsabha.
♦ Who convenes the Grama Sabha?
The Secretary of the Gram Panchayat convenes the Grama Sabha.
♦ Does a two-floor building require a lift service?
Everyone should be able to use a public place. So Facilities such as lift, ramp and rail and special washrooms are needed in all schools and public places so that all differently abled individuals are provided with equal opportunities.
♦ What can we see in a History museum?
• Traditional household appliances, musical instruments
• Ornaments and clothes used in earlier times
• Coins and weapons of earlier times
• Pictures and details of historical struggles
• Historical relics and tools
• Old Tools and Utensils
• Statues and Idols
Such museums help us to understand the history of a place.
♦ Observe the picture.
The picture is related to Dandimarch, a struggle that took place in our country against the British. Many people suffered under the cruel attacks of the British, and many lost their lives while taking part in the freedom struggle.
♦ Don’t you remember the Covid Pandemic and lockdown period, during which villages and cities were shut down? Were there such pandemics in the past?
• Pandemics like COVID have occurred in the past also. Many people have died due to cholera, plague, and smallpox.
Such pandemics, struggles, inventions as well as the disasters and changes that happened in a place over the time make the history of that place.
♦ You can make a collection of information and pictures related to history. What are the things you can collect?
• Coins of earlier times
• Photographs and Paintings
• Letters and Documents
• Tools and Utensils
• Clothes and Costumes
• Weapons and tools
• Models or Miniatures
• Stories and Songs
Let’s Assess
3. There are different processes and steps in the preparation of food of us. Complete the concept map given below.
| Inventions/devices/vehicles | Uses |
|---|---|
| • Train | • More people can travel; large scale transportation of goods |
| • Vaccine | • Protect from diseases |
| • Aeroplane | • To make long-distance travel easier |
| • Refrigerator | • Keeps food fresh |
| • Thermel container | • Keeps food hot |
| • Internet | • Help communication |
| • Electric vehicle | • To reduce environmental pollution |
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