Kerala Syllabus Class 6 Basic Science: Chapter 09 Better Lifestyle for a Brighter Tomorrow - Questions and Answers
ഈ ബ്ലോഗ് അഡ്മിൻറെ രേഖാമൂലമുള്ള അനുമതിയില്ലാതെ ഈ ബ്ലോഗിൽ നൽകിയിരിക്കുന്ന ചോദ്യോത്തരങ്ങൾ, ഇതേരീതിയിലോ പി.ഡി.എഫ് രൂപത്തിലോ, മറ്റേതെങ്കിലും ഡിജിറ്റലോ, പ്രിന്റഡ് ഉൾപ്പെടെയുള്ള ഏതെങ്കിലും രൂപങ്ങളിലേക്കോ മാറ്റി മറ്റൊരു വെബ്സൈറ്റിലോ, ബ്ലോഗിലോ, യുട്യൂബ്, സോഷ്യൽ മീഡിയാ ഗ്രൂപ്പുകളിലോ ഉൾപ്പെടെ ഒരിടത്തും പ്രചരിപ്പിക്കാൻ പാടില്ലാത്തതാകുന്നു.
Std 6: Basic Science Chapter 09: Better Lifestyle for a Brighter Tomorrow - Questions and Answers
♦ Changes in every field are due to the progress in science and technology. Some of them are given below. Elaborate the list.
• Telephone → Smart phone
• Grinding stone → Mixer grinder
• Desktop → Laptop → Tablet
• Bullock cart → Motor car → Electric vehicle
• Slate → Notebook → E-learning platforms
• Radio → Television
• Lantern → Electric bulb → LED
• Mud huts → Concrete houses
♦ Did you notice the conversation? Do you agree with what the child said? Why do our parents include locally available eggs, milk, fruits, vegetables and leafy vegetables in our diet?
♦ Why do we eat?
• To gain immunity
• For growth and body building
• To get energy for various activities
• For the smooth functioning of each body part
♦ What were our food items and food habits in the past?
The breakfast was kappapuzhukku, or chakkapuzhukku. When they were not available, they preferred pazhamkanji with kanthari and chembu curry. Lunch was the parboiled rice accompanied with pea, spinach, banana stem, banana flower (koombu), raw banana, tender jackfruit and fish curry cooked with mangoes. In the evening, steamed snacks like kozhukkatta or ada spread on banana leaf. During the holidays, mangoes, bananas, papayas, guavas and cashew apples were the snacks.
♦ Are the changes in food habits today good for our health? Why?
As living conditions improved, food habits changed. These changes are not good for a healthy life. Menu should be balanced to ensure the in take of all nutrients by including diverse food items.
♦ What are the unhealthy Food Habits?
• Reduced use of vegetables, fruits, leafy vegetables and pulses
• High consumption of fried food items
• Excess use of sugar, salt, oil, ghee and fat
• Excess use of bakery food items
• Reuse of cooking oil
• Not eating on time
♦ Aren’t there many food items that affect our health? How will these food items affect our health if they are consumed daily?
An unhealthy diet leads to many health problems, such as malnutrition, overweight, diabetes, and high blood pressure.
♦ What is the problem with eating while enjoying T.V. shows?
• Eating carelessly.
• Eating more packaged foods.
• Eating more high-calorie foods.
• Foods high in sugar, fat, and salt tend to be eaten more.
• eating more junk foods
• Digestive problems
• Risk of Weight gain
♦ Certain food items you love to eat are given in the picture. Discuss the
major nutrients present in these food items.
What are the problems with eating only these food items regularly?
• Gets some nutrients in excess
• Poor digestion
• Weak immunity
• Malnutrition
• Lifestyle diseases
• Obesity
♦ Body Mass Index (BMI)
• One of the methods to check growth is ‘Body Mass Index’ (BMI).
• It can be used to find out whether a person has weight proportionate to his height. • For this, height and weight should be found out first.
• Body Mass Index is weight in kilogram divided by (height in metre x height in metre).
out using the formula to calculate BMI.
• Physical condition of the second child: Overweight
• What is the reason for this kind of physical condition of these two children?
The first child is underweight, maybe due to malnutrition or health issues. The second child is overweight, maybe due to excess calorie intake or low physical activity.
♦ Obesity and Underweight
• Obesity is a condition in which body weight is in excess than the normal. This may lead to illness.
• Underweight also indicates unhealthy condition.
♦ What is the solution for underweight?
• Eat more healthy foods
• Include protein-rich foods
• Take proper rest and sleep
• Exercise regularly
• Practice a balanced diet
♦ What is the solution for overweight?
• Avoid junk food, fried food, and sugary snacks.
• Choose more fruits, vegetables, and home-cooked meals.
• Drink plenty of water instead of soft drinks.
• Do exercise every day
♦ If the weight is normal, what should be done to maintain it?
• Practice a balanced diet.
• Exercise regularly
• Avoid junk food
♦ Age-appropriate healthy food habits should be followed. Put (✔) mark against good food habits in the list given below.
• Eating on time ✔
• Eating too much
• Eating the same food items regularly
• Eating frequently ✔
• Including plenty of fruits, vegetables and leafy vegetables in the diet ✔
• Eating adequate amount of food ✔
• Eating while watching television and mobile phone
• Everyone in the family eats together at home ✔
• Eating very little food
• Eating more of fried food items
• Eating only the favourite food
• Not drinking enough water
• Eating fast foods in between
• Eating healthy snacks ✔
♦ It is essential to do exercise properly, why?
Exercise is as important as diet for proper health. Most of the occupations that people engaged in the past required physical activities. So, they used to get the benefit of exercise while working. Most jobs people engage in nowadays demand lesser physical activities. Hence, it is essential to do exercise properly.
♦ What do you do for exercise?
• Takes advantage of the physical education period in the school
• Running and playing
• Cycling or walking
• Skipping rope
• Playing outdoor games like football, cricket, or badminton
• Dancing or doing yoga
♦ Observe the pictures. In both, the children are engaged in games. What is the difference between them?
Picture 2: Video games - Indoor game
The difference is that outdoor games give physical exercise and fresh air, while indoor games give entertainment but less physical movement.
♦ What are the health issues caused by excessive use of mobile phones?
• Insufficient sleep
• Vision problems
• Screen addiction
• Anxiety
• Body weight gain
• Loss of appetite, fatigue
♦ What is the benefit of sound sleep at night?
• The body gets proper rest during sleep at night.
• It is during this time that the cells repair their damage.
• Muscles are at rest during sleep.
• Breathing, heart rate and digestive processes slow down.
• Many complex chemical reactions in our body take place during sleep at night.
♦ Sleeping during daytime is not a compensation for the loss of sleep at night. Why?
Many complex chemical reactions in our body take place during sleep at night. Therefore, sleeping during daytime can never compensate the loss of sleep at night.
♦ What is diabetes?
• The normal level of glucose in 100 ml of blood is 70-100 mg.
• Diabetes is a condition in which blood sugar (glucose) level rises highly.
• Diabetes can be detected by testing blood and urine.
♦ What are the symptoms of diabetes?
• High appetite
• Frequent urination
• Delay in healing of wound
• Extreme thirst
• Fatigue
♦ What are the health problems caused by diabetes?
If diabetes is not under control, it may lead to severe health issues like stroke, kidney diseases, poor vision etc.
♦ How diabetes can be controlled?
• Exercise daily
• Control food
• Say no to bad habits like smoking, alcoholism, substance use, etc.
♦ Blood Pressure
• Blood pressure is the pressure exerted on the walls of the blood vessels as the blood flows through them.
• Blood pressure is measured using a device called sphygmomanometer.
• A reading of 120/80 mmHg on this device indicates normal blood pressure. Smoking, obesity, potassium deficiency, excessive salt intake and ageing can cause variations in normal blood pressure level.
♦ What are the measures to be taken for controlling blood pressure?
• Reduce salt intake
• Exercise regularly
• Maintain a healthy weight
• Eat a balanced diet
• Avoid alcohol
• Quit smoking
• Get quality sleep
• Manage stress
• Avoid junk foods
♦ Cholesterol
• A total cholesterol level below 200 mg/dL is the ideal condition.
• There are two types of cholesterol, good cholesterol (HDL) and bad cholesterol
(LDL).
• Excess bad cholesterol gets accumulated in the blood vessels and blocks the blood flow, thus leading to heart attack. It also harms the liver.
• As good cholesterol increases, the chances of heart attack decreases.
• Good cholesterol increases in the body while doing exercise.
• Fish like sardine and mackerel, food items like leafy vegetables, pulses, groundnut, walnut, etc. help in raising the level of good cholesterol.
♦ What are the health problems that may arise from excessive consumption of fatty foods?
• Obesity
• Heart disease
• Diabetes
• Liver disease
• Blood pressure
• Digestive issues
♦ What are the ways to increase the level of good cholesterol?
• Eat healthy foods
• Include fish like sardine and mackerel
• Include food items like leafy vegetables, pulses, groundnut, walnut, etc
• Eat fruits and vegetables
• Avoid junk foods
• Exercise regularly
• Maintain a healthy weight
• Avoid alcohol
• Quit smoking
♦ Lifestyle diseases
Lifestyle diseases are caused by unhealthy lifestyle. This is mainly due to unhealthy food habits, lack of exercise, inadequate sleep, smoking, alcoholism, stress etc.
Eg: Cancer, heart diseases, liver cirrhosis, obesity, Type 2 diabetes, depression,
hypertension etc.
♦ Tabulate the changes in lifestyle, the resulting health issues and their remedies. Present it in the class.
| Changes in Lifestyle | Related Health Issues | Remedies |
|---|---|---|
| Playing electronic game indoors | • Vision problems • Pain in neck and back muscles • Obesity. | • Take breaks, • Eye exercises • Correct posture, • Outdoor play |
| Eating excessive junk food | • Obesity, • High cholesterol, • Diabetes, • Heart disease | • Balanced meals • Fruits & vegetables • Limit fried/sugary foods |
| Lack of physical exercise | • Weak muscles, • Poor stamina, • Heart disease risk | • Daily exercise • Yoga/walking |
| Irregular sleep habits | • Fatigue, • Poor concentration, • weakened immunity | • Fixed sleep schedule • Avoid late-night mobile phone use • 7–8 hours sleep |
| Smoking | • Lung cancer • Heart disease • Respiratory problems | • Quit smoking • Use nicotine replacement therapies |
| Drinking alcohol excessively | • Liver damage • High blood pressure • Addiction risk | • Avoid alcohol • Choose healthy alternatives • Seek medical help if dependent |
| Ignoring hygiene habits | • Infections • Dental problems • Skin issues | • Regular bathing • Handwashing • Dental care |
♦ Complete the wordsun.
• Let’s practice: balanced diet
• Let’s practice: Late-night mobile phone use
♦ The health issues caused by smoking, alcoholism and substance use are more dreadful than the health problems caused by unhealthy lifestyle. Let’s examine the physical, mental and social problems caused by these.
| Physical Problems | Mental Problems | Social Problems |
|---|---|---|
| Immunity of the body decreases | Causes anxiety and depression | Keeps distance from friends and family members |
| Memory and analytical thinking decreases | Gets tempted to engage in illegal activities | Makes undesirable friendships |
| Causes lung and heart-related diseases | Becomes aggressive quickly | Decreases interest in learning |
| Damages vital organs | Increases suicidal thoughts or tendencies | Leads to domestic violence and family breakdown |
Let’s Assess
1. Find out the activities which provide exercise to the body.
| • Playing chess | • Playing shuttle badminton |
| • Dancing | • Playing football |
| • Playing video games | • Playing violin |
| • Engaging in agricultural activities | • Listening to music |
Answer:
• Dancing
• Engaging in agricultural activities
• Playing shuttle badminton
• Playing football
2. Which of the following activities can help obese persons to reduce their weight?
A. Eat less
B. Play shuttle badminton
C. Take adequate rest
D. Reduce the use of salt
Answer:
A. Eat less and
B. Play shuttle badminton
3. What are the benefits of exercising?
Answer:
• Helps in reducing body weight
• Makes muscles and bones stronger
• Keeps the heart healthy
• Gives more energy for daily work
• Improves sleep
• Reduces stress and makes you feel happy
• Lowers the risk of diseases like diabetes and high blood pressure
4. What are the health issues that faced by persons who sleep late at night?
Answer:
• Tiredness and low energy during the day
• Poor concentration and memory problems
• Increased stress, anxiety, and mood swings
• Higher risk of obesity
• Greater chance of diabetes and heart disease
• Weakened immune system
• Skin problems
5. Unhealthy lifestyle leads to diseases. Is it right? Explain.
Answer:
Yes, it is right. An unhealthy lifestyle leads to diseases.
• Eating too much junk food can make us sick.
• Not playing or exercising makes our body weak.
• Sleeping very late or too little makes us tired.
• Smoking or drinking alcohol harms our lungs and liver.
• Always being stressed can make our heart weak.
If we live in an unhealthy way, our body slowly gets sick. But if we eat healthy food, play, sleep well, and stay happy, we can keep diseases away.
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