Kerala Syllabus STD 6 Social Science: Chapter 12 Japan: History and the Present - Questions and Answers | Teaching Manual
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Chapter 12: Japan: History and the Present - Questions and Answers & Model Question
♦ Where did the United States drop atomic bombs in 1945, shocking the world?
Hiroshima on August 6 1945
Nagasaki on August 9 1945
♦ How old was Sadako Sasaki when the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima?
She was two years old.
♦ When did Sadako Sasaki die?
She died on October 25, 1955.
♦ What was the event that shocked the world?
The dropping of atom bombs by the United States of America on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945, and Nagasaki on August 9 was an event that shocked the world.
♦ Observe Map 12.1 to find Japan's location. Identify and write down the main islands.
♦ Write a note on the physiography of Japan.
• Japan is an archipelago in the Pacific Ocean in East Asia.
• The majority of the Japanese population lives on the four main islands: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu.
• Vast coastlines, high hill ranges, and mountains are the features of Japan's geography.
• Japan is a country constantly facing earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
• The longest river in Japan is the Shinano River.
♦ Observe the world map. Identify and note the neighbouring countries of Japan.
Russia, North Korea, South Korea, Taiwan, and China.
♦ Which neighbouring countries influenced Japan's culture from ancient times?
China and Korea
♦ Through which country did the Chinese writing system, philosophy, literature, and Buddhism reach Japan?
Korea.
♦ What is Kojiki?
Kojiki, written in the 8th century CE, is a work that describes the traditional history of Japan. It is written in a style that combines history and legend.
♦ Who wrote The Tale of Genji?
Murasaki Shikibu
♦ Write a short note about Shintoism.
Shintoism is the traditional religious belief in Japan. The word "Shinto" means "the way of God". Deities were generally called as 'Kami'. The most important among them was the Sun Goddess 'Amataresu'. Emperors were considered to be descendants of the Sun Goddess. These emperors were the heads of Shintoism.
♦ What is the traditional religious belief in Japan?
Shintoism
♦ What does the word "Shinto" mean?
"the way of God".
♦ What were the deities in Shintoism generally called?
They were called Kami.
♦ Who was considered the most important deity in Shintoism?
The Sun Goddess Amaterasu was considered the most important.
♦ Who were the heads of Shintoism?
The emperors were the heads of Shintoism.
♦ What was the staple food in Japan from ancient days?
From ancient days, rice was the staple food in Japan. This cooked food was called 'Gohan'.
♦ What is cooked rice called in Japan?
Gohan.
♦ Name a Japanese dish made of raw fish that is now popular worldwide.
Sushi.
♦ What is the traditional dress of Japan?
Kimono
♦ What is a kimono?
The kimono is traditional dress of Japan. It was mainly used in royal courts. Kimono is worn by both women and men.
♦ Complete the worksheet.
| Japan | |
|---|---|
| Literature | Kojiki, The Tale of Genji |
| Shintoism | Traditional religious belief |
| Food | Gohan, Millets, Sushi |
| Clothing | Kimono |
♦ Who were the Shoguns?
They were military leaders who ruled in the name of the Emperor.
♦ Prepare a note about the Shogun Rule.
By the 12th century, the administration of the country passed from the
Emperors to the hands of military leaders known as Shoguns. The Shoguns ruled in the name of the Emperor, who became a nominal ruler. The Shogun rule came to an end in Japan with the 'Meiji Restoration' in the 19th century.
♦ How many domains was Japan divided into during the Shogun rule? Who controlled these domains?
During the Shogun rule, Japan was divided into over 250 domains. Their control was placed under the rule of lords called Daimyo.
♦ Who were the Samurai?
They were a class of warriors who served the Shoguns and the Daimyo.
♦ When did the Shogun rule come to an end in Japan?
It ended with the Meiji Restoration in the 19th century.
♦ Who were the Daimyo?
The Daimyo were feudal lords in Japan.
♦ Explain what is the Meiji Restoration, which caused the end of Shogun rule in Japan?
The Shoguns were forcibly removed from power in a movement in 1868, and the Emperor returned to power as the supreme authority. The city of Edo was declared the capital. It was later renamed as Tokyo. This is known as the 'Meiji Restoration'.
♦ Which Asian country escaped from foreign domination?
Japan
♦ Who was Commodore Matthew Perry? How did the arrival of Matthew Perry affect Japan?
Commodore Matthew Perry, an American, arrived in Japan in 1853 and secured the right to trade with them. The arrival of Matthew Perry changed the political history of Japan.
♦ When did Commodore Matthew Perry arrive in Japan?
1853.
♦ What changes took place in Japan under the rule of the Meiji Government?
• The Meiji Government initiated a new policy emphasising the idea of 'Fukoku Kyohei' - 'Rich Country, Strong Army'.
• To strengthen the country, the Meiji Government implemented a new administrative system.
• The army and the officials were brought under the direct control of the Emperor.
• Military service was made compulsory for all young men over the age of twenty for a fixed period.
♦ What changes were brought to the education system in Japan during the 1870s?
• Education was made compulsory for both boys and girls
• A curriculum based on Western models was developed
• Emphasis was given to loyalty to the country and the study of Japanese history
• Textbooks gave more importance to children respecting their parents and being loyal to the country
♦ What are the factors that led to economic development under the Meiji Government?
• The first railway line in Japan was constructed between Tokyo and the port of Yokohama in 1870-72
• Weaving machines were imported from Europe
• Foreign technicians were appointed to train the workers
• Japanese students were sent abroad for education
♦ How did Japan succeed in forming a modern nation-state?
As a part of modernisation, numerous industries were started in Japan. From small-scale industries employing less than five people, to large factories with hundreds of workers, were set up in Japan. Thus, Japan succeeded in forming a modern nation-state.
♦ Prepare a concept map.
♦ List the efforts made by Japan to build an empire. Analyse how this adversely affected Japan's growth.
• A nationalism centred around the state emerged in Japan with the Meiji Restoration.
• Japan engaged in wars to expand its empire to China and other Asian regions. It established a colonial empire by conquering neighbouring countries, Taiwan and Korea.
• Japan defeated China and Russia. This led to more wars.
• During the Second World War, Japan attacked Pearl Harbour of the United States of America.
• This led the United States of America to drop atom bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan.
• The dropping of the atom bombs caused immense destruction andsuffering in Japan.
• After the warwith the US led invasion, Japan's military was disbanded, and a new constitution came into existence.
♦ Which two wars in the 20th century caused great terror and changes in human history?
• The First World War (1914–1918)
• Second World War (1939–1945).
♦ In which war was the atom bomb first used?
Second World War
♦ Explain the reason why the reconstruction of Japan was described as the 'post-war miracle'?
Japan, devastated in the Second World War, rapidly recovered to the path of progress. The industrial and commercialsectors grew rapidly. The bullet train, which runs at 200 miles per hour, became proof of Japan's technical expertise. By the 1970s, Japan emerged as a major economic power in the world. Japan is a direct example of how to become one of the world's economic powers by utilising political and technological capabilities. The Olympics held in Tokyo in 1964 were a declaration of Japan’s comeback.
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